For hundreds of years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have spoken about the murders of Indigenous tribes that occurred across the nation during frontier times.
Now a landmark project mapping those massacres has hit a sobering point — 250 sites have been documented across almost every state and territory.
For historian Lyndall Ryan, who has worked to map these haunting sites for years, this project has been revealing, and taxing.
"We find we have to walk away from it quite often. You put all those together and you get a very distressing story … it is very confronting, it is very confronting work."
There has been a staggering amount of interest internationally and locally in the massacres map, a first of its kind, which was launched a year ago by the University of Newcastle.
Multiple massacre sites have since been added, with extensive new research of deaths in Queensland, South Australia and the Northern Territory.
Each marker on the map defines a massacre of six or more people, and includes several deadly attacks on settlers committed by Aboriginal tribes.
Details of who were killed, the approximate location of the conflict and, in some cases, the motive and the perpetrators is included.
Professor Ryan was shocked by what the map has revealed.
"We also find that in the 20th century, more people seem to be killed in one operation, that's because the weaponry is more sophisticated, the perpetrators know Aboriginal people and they can plan for the attack."
The research team has been contacted by hundreds of Australians offering their insights about where Indigenous groups were killed from the 18th century onwards, adding what Professor Ryan called "a more human story" to the map.
"We've been spending the last year double-checking every new piece of information that we've got," she said.
"The oral sources are very important because they can identify the names of people who were the particular perpetrators, they can identify the particular groups that were the victims of the massacre, they can give us more information about the actual site."
The research team now needs additional funding to begin research on massacres of Western Australia's population, and Professor Ryan said she thought the number of sites could rise to 500.
Monuments to massacres 'recognition of what's happened'
The map marks conflicts leading up to 1930 and details violent attacks of more than 6,000 Aboriginal people who were shot dead, driven over cliffs and poisoned.
One of the massacres added to the map's second stage this year was the Waterloo Bay massacre, on South Australia's western Eyre Peninsula.
The map describes the massacre as a "reprisal" on the local Wirungu people "for killing two settlers and taking food".
In May 1849 a group of settlers chased a number of Wirangu people to Waterloo Bay, and shot and killed at least 10 as they sought refuge in the bushes.
Elders maintain that many more were killed.
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-27/map-of-indigenous-massacres-grows-to-include-more-sites/10040206